北極濤動驅(qū)動的冬春歐亞陸面變量異常及其機(jī)理

doi:10.12306/2024jms.0035

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北極濤動驅(qū)動的冬春歐亞陸面變量異常及其機(jī)理
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                        10.12306/2024jms.0035
                    
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中圖分類號:P461.2
基金項目:國家重點研發(fā)計劃資助項目(2022YFE0106600)

Eurasian land surface variable anomalies during winter and spring driven by Arctic Oscillation and associated mechanisms

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摘要:

北極濤動(Arctic Oscillation,AO)作為北半球冬季中高緯度大氣環(huán)流年際變率的主模態(tài),是氣候可預(yù)測性的重要來源之一。然而,AO對中高緯度地表溫度、土壤濕度、積雪等陸面特征變量的影響缺乏系統(tǒng)研究。本文基于ERA5和ERA5-Land再分析資料,通過回歸分析和物理過程診斷,揭示了AO對冬春歐亞陸面變量的影響規(guī)律和機(jī)理。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):伴隨正位相的AO,歐亞地表溫度呈現(xiàn)南北偶極型分布,即歐亞北部地表異常增暖,而歐亞南部地表異常變冷;而積雪和土壤濕度異常則總體呈現(xiàn)南北向三極型空間分布,即中緯度地區(qū)積雪覆蓋和雪深異常減小、土壤異常干燥,而高緯度地區(qū)雪深異常增加、土壤異常濕潤,低緯度地區(qū)積雪覆蓋和雪深異常增加、土壤異常濕潤。AO相關(guān)的大氣環(huán)流異常主導(dǎo)的異常水汽輸送驅(qū)動了上述歐亞陸面變量異常的形成。歐亞北部(南部)水汽的異常輻合(輻散)引起整層水汽和云量增加(減少),導(dǎo)致向下長波輻射增加(減少),使得北部(南部)地區(qū)地表異常增暖(變冷)。同時,異常水汽輸送引起的降雪和降水異常導(dǎo)致了積雪和土壤濕度異?？臻g分布的形成。水汽的異常輻散(輻合)引起降雪或降水減少(增加),導(dǎo)致了歐亞中緯度地區(qū)(高緯和低緯度)積雪覆蓋、雪深、融雪和土壤濕度異常減少(增加)。此外,AO驅(qū)動的積雪覆蓋異常通過冰雪反照率反饋加劇了青藏高原地表溫度異常。

Abstract:

As the leading mode of wintertime atmospheric circulation interannual variability in the mid-to-high latitudes of Northern Hemisphere, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) can serve as a crucial source of climate predictability. However, its effects on land surface variables such as surface temperature, soil moisture and snow cover lack a thorough investigation. The impact of AO on land surface variables in Eurasia and associated mechanisms were examined, via regression analysis and diagnosing physical processes based on the datasets of ERA5 and ERA5-Land reanalysis. The main results are as follows: during a positive phase of AO, anomalous land surface warming (cooling) occurs in northern (southern) Eurasia, characterized by a meridional dipole pattern. Meanwhile, snow cover/depth and soil moisture anomalies feature a meridional tripole pattern, that is, decreased snow cover/depth and soil moisture are observed in the most of mid-latitude regions of Eurasia while increased snow cover/depth and soil moisture occurs in the high-latitude and low-latitude regions. It was further found that anomalous water vapor transports induced by the AO-related atmospheric circulation anomalies dominate the formation of those land surface variable anomalies. Anomalous land surface warming (cooling) in northern (southern) Eurasia mainly are caused by increased (decreased) downward long-wave radiation due to the increase (decrease) of water vapor and clouds which result from anomalous convergence (divergence) of water vapor transport in northern (southern) Eurasia. Meanwhile, anomalous precipitation in the form of snowfall or rainfall resulting from anomalous water vapor transport explains the snow cover/depth and soil moisture anomalies. Decreased (increased) snowfall or rainfall resulting from anomalous divergence (convergence) of water vapor transport cause decreased (increased) snow cover/depth, snowmelt and soil moisture in mid-latitude Eurasia (high and low latitude Eurasia). In addition, AO-driven snow cover anomaly tends to amplify the land surface temperature anomaly in Tibetan Plateau through snow-albedo feedback.

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高雨迪,楊修群.北極濤動驅(qū)動的冬春歐亞陸面變量異常及其機(jī)理.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(5):801-813 GAO Yudi, YANG Xiuqun. Eurasian land surface variable anomalies during winter and spring driven by Arctic Oscillation and associated mechanisms. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(5):801-813

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收稿日期:2024-05-09
最后修改日期:2024-05-24
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-11-21
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