臺風(fēng)“利奇馬”(1909)冷空氣和干空氣侵入特征分析及數(shù)值模擬研究

doi:10.12306/2023jms.0064

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臺風(fēng)“利奇馬”(1909)冷空氣和干空氣侵入特征分析及數(shù)值模擬研究
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                        10.12306/2023jms.0064
                    
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中圖分類號:P458.3
基金項目:山東臺風(fēng)與海洋創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊項目(SDCXTD2021-2);山東省氣象局課題(2023sdqxm07;2023sdqxz07;2022sdqxm04);山東省自然科學(xué)基金項目(ZR2022MD040;ZR2023MD002);長島國家氣候觀象臺開放基金(2023cdkfz01);中國氣象局創(chuàng)新發(fā)展專項(CXFZ2023J015;CXFZ2023J084);災(zāi)害天氣國家重點(diǎn)實驗室開放課題(2023LASW-B10)

Analysis and numerical simulation of cold air and dry air invasion characteristics of Typhoon “Lekima”(1909)

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摘要:

采用NCEP/NCAR再分析資料對2019年超強(qiáng)臺風(fēng)"利奇馬"的干空氣和冷空氣侵入特征進(jìn)行分析,并利用WRF模式進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬試驗。結(jié)果表明:冷暖空氣主要在臺風(fēng)西側(cè)對峙,低層冷空氣從臺風(fēng)西北側(cè)隨臺風(fēng)倒槽和西風(fēng)槽旋轉(zhuǎn)逐漸包圍臺風(fēng)主體,隨著槽后暖脊東移,中高層槽后冷空氣逐漸被填塞,低層冷空氣侵入更加明顯。干空氣在臺風(fēng)西側(cè)聚集,中高層干空氣從南側(cè)侵入臺風(fēng)環(huán)流,破壞臺風(fēng)高層暖心結(jié)構(gòu),導(dǎo)致臺風(fēng)不對稱性增強(qiáng)。數(shù)值模擬顯示,冷暖空氣對峙位置及強(qiáng)度與暴雨落區(qū)及強(qiáng)度有較好的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。冷空氣強(qiáng)度減弱后,侵入速度明顯減慢,溫度梯度減小且大值區(qū)偏西,低層輻合高層輻散的動力條件變差,造成降水減弱,雨帶分布偏西。冷空氣通過改變臺風(fēng)外圍西風(fēng)槽強(qiáng)度及溫度梯度,影響急流強(qiáng)度,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致臺風(fēng)強(qiáng)度的變化。干空氣在模擬前期由于水汽在旋轉(zhuǎn)輸入途中不斷損耗,侵入速度減慢,對臺風(fēng)影響較小;在模擬后期,干空氣侵入強(qiáng)度減弱后,對中高層結(jié)構(gòu)破壞減弱,臺風(fēng)變性速度變慢。

Abstract:

Based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the invasion characteristics of dry air and cold air of super Typhoon "Lekima" in 2019 were analyzed and the WRF model was used for numerical simulation. Results show that the cold and warm air mainly confronts on the west side of the typhoon, the cold air in the lower layer gradually surrounds the typhoon from the northwest side with the rotation of the typhoon trough and the westerly trough, as the warm ridge behind the trough moves eastward, the cold air behind the middle and upper troughs is gradually filling, the cold air in the lower layer is more obvious. Dry air is distributed to the west of the typhoon, the middle and upper dry air intrudes typhoon circulation from the south and destroyed typhoon warm core structure, leading to enhanced typhoon asymmetry and typhoon gradually degeneration. The numerical experiment shows that the decrease of cold air intensity has obvious influence on precipitation area, typhoon intensity. The location and intensity of the confrontation between warm and cold air corresponded well with the precipitation area and intensity. The invasion of cold air is slower,the temperature gradient decreases and the large value region is to the west. The dynamic conditions of convergence at lower levels and divergence at higher levels become worse, which leads to a westerly distribution of rain bands. The cold air affects the westerly trough and jet intensity at first, causing the change of the thermal and dynamic structure outside the typhoon, and then gradually affects the internal structure of the typhoon, leading to the change of typhoon intensity. In the early stage of the simulation, the dry air is continuously lost due to the water vapor during the rotation. At the later stage of simulation, after the dry air invasion intensity weakened, the damage to middle and high level structures weakened and the speed of typhoon degeneration slowed down.

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溫曉培,吳煒,肖明靜.臺風(fēng)“利奇馬”(1909)冷空氣和干空氣侵入特征分析及數(shù)值模擬研究.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(5):870-880 WEN Xiaopei, WU Wei, XIAO Mingjing. Analysis and numerical simulation of cold air and dry air invasion characteristics of Typhoon “Lekima”(1909). Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(5):870-880

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收稿日期:2023-01-10
最后修改日期:2023-08-25
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-11-21
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