北京一次霧霾天氣的氣象條件和污染物輸送特征分析

doi:10.12306/2022jms.0043

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北京一次霧霾天氣的氣象條件和污染物輸送特征分析
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                        10.12306/2022jms.0043
                    
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中圖分類號:P425.55
基金項目:國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(U2033207);國家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金資助項目(41905053)

Analysis of meteorological conditions and pollutant transport characteristics during haze days in Beijing

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利用氣象常規(guī)觀測資料以及國家環(huán)境監(jiān)測站PM_2.5質(zhì)量濃度資料,分析2019年3月1—6日北京持續(xù)性霧霾過程特征、環(huán)流形勢和氣象影響因子;再基于HYSPLIT模式,模擬過程期間北京近地層氣團(tuán)的后向軌跡;采用WRF-Chem對污染過程中PM_2.5輸送通量進(jìn)行模擬分析。結(jié)果表明,在整個污染過程中北京高空環(huán)流平直或受槽后西北氣流控制,地面受弱高壓或低壓槽控制,風(fēng)速較小,近地層逆溫維持,氣象條件不利于污染物擴(kuò)散;PM_2.5質(zhì)量濃度與地面風(fēng)速、相對濕度變化明顯相關(guān),是影響PM_2.5質(zhì)量濃度日變化的重要氣象因子;除不利于本地污染擴(kuò)散的氣象條件外,HYSPLIT軌跡聚類結(jié)果顯示,本次污染過程中有向北京的污染氣團(tuán)輸送,以西南—東北向路徑為主,此類軌跡占比大、PM_2.5平均質(zhì)量濃度大,在污染輸送中貢獻(xiàn)最大;WRF-Chem模擬PM_2.5輸送通量結(jié)果表明在整個污染過程中北京南側(cè)和東側(cè)有較大的PM_2.5輸入通量,與軌跡模擬結(jié)果及北京東南部污染相對西北更重的觀測實際基本一致。

Abstract:

Based on conventional observation data,hourly observation data from automatic stations and the PM_2.5 concentration data from environmental monitoring station, the circulation situation and meteorological factors of the haze days in Beijing from March 1 to 6,2019 was analyzed. Based on HYSPLIT model,the backward trajectory of near-surface air parcel in Beijing during the process was simulated. WRF-Chem model was used to simulate the PM_2.5 transport flux during the pollution process. Results show that,during the whole pollution process, there are west airflow or northwest airflow at 500 hPa and weak anticyclone or low pressure at surface with small wind speed,and the temperature inversion layer nearsurface is sustained.These meteorological conditions are not favorable for the diffusion of pollutants. The correlation between concentration of PM_2.5 and surface wind speed is negative, while the correlation between concentration of PM_2.5 and relative humidity is positive.The diurnal variation of relative humidity and wind speed is coincided with the diurnal variation of concentration of PM_2.5. The trajectory simulation shows that,in addition to the accumulation of local pollution under adverse meteorological conditions, the pollutant in Beijing is transported from southwest to northeast. This kind of air mass has the largest number of trajectories and the largest average concentration of PM_2.5, which contributes most to the pollution process.The analysis of PM_2.5 transport flux also shows that there is a large PM_2.5 inflow flux from the south and east of Beijing during the pollution process.The result is consistent with the trajectory cluster,which confirmed that the pollution in the east and south of Beijing was significantly heavier than that in the northwest of Beijing.

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姚爽,熊秋芬,姜曉飛,張志森.北京一次霧霾天氣的氣象條件和污染物輸送特征分析.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(5):928-935 YAO Shuang, XIONG Qiufen, JIANG Xiaofei, ZHANG Zhisen. Analysis of meteorological conditions and pollutant transport characteristics during haze days in Beijing. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(5):928-935

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收稿日期:2021-10-13
最后修改日期:2022-05-11
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-11-21
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