超級(jí)單體冰雹回波特征分析

doi:10.12306/2024jms.0012

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超級(jí)單體冰雹回波特征分析
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                        10.12306/2024jms.0012
                    
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中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):P458.121.2
基金項(xiàng)目:中國(guó)科學(xué)院戰(zhàn)略性先導(dǎo)科技專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(A類(lèi)-XDA19040202);國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(41975001);江西省氣象局重點(diǎn)科研資助項(xiàng)目(JX2022Z04);2022年江西省氣象局面上資助項(xiàng)目(JX2022M03)

Analysis on echo characteristics of supercell hail

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摘要:

本文使用MICAPS天氣圖、閃電數(shù)據(jù)、雷達(dá)回波等資料,采用天氣學(xué)、雷達(dá)氣象學(xué)的原理和方法,對(duì)2018—2022年江西4次超級(jí)單體冰雹回波特征進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明:(1)超級(jí)單體發(fā)生在500 hPa低槽東移過(guò)程和"上干下濕"的重疊地區(qū)。超級(jí)單體垂直速度區(qū)比較明顯,正負(fù)速度梯度密集、分布零散,對(duì)應(yīng)雷達(dá)回波上是典型的雷暴回波群超級(jí)單體結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)贛州市石城觀音坑超級(jí)單體冰雹直徑≥2 cm,回波強(qiáng)度為65 dBZ,強(qiáng)回波面積為119 km²;南昌超級(jí)單體冰雹直徑≥10 cm,回波強(qiáng)度≥70 dBZ,強(qiáng)回波面積為750 km²,并具有"盾"形回波結(jié)構(gòu);新余羅坊鎮(zhèn)超級(jí)單體冰雹直徑≥2 cm,回波強(qiáng)度為65 dBZ,強(qiáng)回波面積為280 km²;浮梁縣經(jīng)公橋鎮(zhèn)、西湖鄉(xiāng)微型超級(jí)單體冰雹直徑≤2 cm,回波強(qiáng)度≤60 dBZ,強(qiáng)回波面積為119 km²。(3)超級(jí)單體垂直積分液態(tài)水含量VIL≥60 kg·m^-2,反射率因子垂直剖面RCS上回波強(qiáng)度≥65 dBZ,有回波核與傾斜;60 dBZ回波頂高在10 km以上。(4)超級(jí)單體"盾"形回波結(jié)構(gòu)在底層1 000~2 000 m比較明顯,層次越高有所分散,甚至形成多個(gè)回波中心。超級(jí)單體風(fēng)暴中1 000~4 000 m 高度風(fēng)場(chǎng)變化比較雜亂,可見(jiàn)輻散、輻合等多種矢量流線(xiàn),5 000 m 以上風(fēng)場(chǎng)趨于一致。

Abstract:

Based on MICAPS weather maps, lightning data, radar echoes, and other data, the echo characteristics of four supercell hail events in Jiangxi from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed by using the principles and methods of meteorology and radar meteorology. Results show that: (1) super monomers occur in the overlapping area of the 500 hPa trough eastward migration process and "upper dry and lower wet". The vertical velocity zone of the supercell is relatively obvious, with dense and scattered positive and negative velocity gradients, corresponding to a typical thunderstorm echo group supercell structure on the radar echo. (2) The diameter of the supercell hail in Guanyinkeng, Shicheng, Ganzhou City is ≥ 2 cm, with an echo intensity of 65 dBZ and a strong echo area of 119 km²; the diameter of the supercell hail in Nanchang is ≥ 10 cm, the echo intensity is ≥ 70 dBZ, the strong echo area is 750 km², and it has a shield shaped echo structure; super single hail occurred in Luofang Town, Xinyu, with a diameter of ≥ 2 cm, an echo intensity of 65 dBZ, and a strong echo area of 280 km²; the diameter of micro supercell hail in Jinggongqiao Town and Xihu Township of Fuliang County is ≤ 2 cm, the echo intensity is ≤ 60 dBZ, and the strong echo area is 119 km².(3) The vertical integrated liquid water content VIL of super monomers is ≥ 60 kg·m^-2, and the reflectivity factor on the vertical profile RCS has an echo intensity of ≥65 dBZ, with echo nuclei and tilt; The top height of the 60 dBZ echo is above 10 km. (4) The super monomer "shield" shaped echo structure is more obvious at the bottom layer of 1 000-2 000 meters, and the higher the level, the more dispersed it is, and even multiple echo centers are formed. In supercell storms, the wind field changes at heights of 1 000-4 000 meters are relatively chaotic, with various vector streamlines such as divergence and convergence visible. Wind fields above 5 000 meters tend to be consistent.

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強(qiáng)裕君,尹哲,段和平,呂振東,高嬋,于澤華.超級(jí)單體冰雹回波特征分析.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(5):985-996 QIANG Yujun, YIN Zhe, DUAN Heping, Lü Zhendong, GAO Chan, YU Zehua. Analysis on echo characteristics of supercell hail. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(5):985-996

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收稿日期:2023-06-15
最后修改日期:2024-01-19
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在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2024-11-21
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