北極冷空氣爆發(fā)的識別及其對北歐海表面熱通量的影響

doi:10.12306/2024jms.0033

首頁 > 過刊瀏覽>2024年第44卷第6期 >1047-1060. DOI:10.12306/2024jms.0033

北極冷空氣爆發(fā)的識別及其對北歐海表面熱通量的影響
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                        10.12306/2024jms.0033
                    
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中圖分類號:P714.2;P461.2
基金項目:國家重點研發(fā)計劃"政府間國際科技創(chuàng)新合作"重點專項(2022YFE0106900)

Detection of Arctic cold air outbreaks and their impacts on the surface heat exchange over Nordic Seas

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摘要:

北極冷空氣爆發(fā)(Cold Air Outbreaks,CAO)是指北極冷氣團間歇性地南下、穿越較低緯度暖洋面的寒潮現(xiàn)象,這期間常伴隨著強烈的海氣熱交換。北歐海是北極最大的全年不凍海,是北極氣候變化的關(guān)鍵海區(qū)。冬季,北極的北歐海區(qū)常呈現(xiàn)出冰面、邊緣海冰區(qū)和開放洋面共存的復(fù)雜下墊面分布。如何準(zhǔn)確識別出影響這一北極關(guān)鍵區(qū)域的冷空氣爆發(fā)事件,并分析其對北極區(qū)域海氣熱交換的影響,對理解北極的氣候變化、提升對北極極端天氣氣候的預(yù)測能力都有顯著的科學(xué)意義。已有的對北極CAO事件的識別常針對北歐海的開放洋面,以低層位溫差作為指標(biāo)。本文則針對冬季北歐復(fù)雜的下墊面情況,探討了用中高緯度寒潮研究中的局地溫度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差方法識別北極CAO事件,并與已有的位溫差方法進行系統(tǒng)對比,比較兩種方法識別出的不同強度的北極CAO事件的時空分布特征,對應(yīng)的大氣環(huán)流演變特征及其對北歐海海氣熱通量的影響。兩種識別方法均顯示,冬季北歐海CAO的發(fā)生頻率約為30%,絕大部分CAO的生命周期在3 d以內(nèi),強度越強的CAO事件維持時間越長。CAO產(chǎn)生的向上湍流熱通量約占整個冬季北歐海區(qū)域海表海氣熱交換的60%,其中,中等強度的CAO對海氣熱通量的貢獻較大。CAO發(fā)生期間對向南水汽通量的輸送在北歐海相關(guān)區(qū)域約占整個冬季的50%~60%。引起拉布拉多?！窳晏m島和冰島海—挪威?！蛡愔Э蓚€區(qū)域CAO的環(huán)流場異常不同,前者主要受區(qū)域低壓橫槽轉(zhuǎn)豎的影響,后者則與偶極型的大氣環(huán)流異常有關(guān)。

Abstract:

Cold Air Outbreaks (CAO) in the Arctic refer to the intermittent incursions of polar cold air masses southward across warmer ocean surfaces in lower latitudes and are often accompanied by intense air-sea heat exchange. The Nordic Seas are the largest year-round ice-free seas in the Arctic and play a crucial role in Arctic climate change. During winter, the Nordic Seas exhibit a complex sea-ice distribution comprising ice-covered, marginal ice zones, and open ocean surfaces. Accurate identification of CAO events impacting this critical Arctic zone and their implications on regional air-sea heat fluxes are crucial for enhancing our comprehension of Arctic climate change and capabilities of extreme weather forecast. Existing studies on Arctic CAO mainly focus on open ocean areas in the Nordic Seas, using lower-level potential temperature differences as indicators. Given the complex surface conditions of the wintertime Nordic Seas, this study explores the method of using a locally defined temperature standard deviation, a method commonly used in mid-to-high latitude cold wave research, to identify CAO events. A systematic comparison is conducted between this method and the conventional potential temperature difference method, by examining the spatiotemporal characteristics, atmospheric circulation evolutions and impacts on air-sea heat fluxes associated with CAO events of various intensities identified by both methods. Results from both identification methods show that, over the Nordic Seas, CAO events occur in approximately 30% days of the winter period, with the vast majority having life spans of less than three days and stronger events tending to persist longer. CAO events contribute to approximately 60% of the total wintertime air-sea heat fluxes in the region, with moderate-intensity CAO events exhibiting a large impact on these fluxes. Meanwhile, CAO events account for roughly 50% to 60% of the southward water vapor transport during winter in the concerned sectors of the Nordic Seas. The atmospheric circulations associated with the CAO events in the Labrador Sea-Greenland and Iceland Sea-Norwegian Sea-Barents Sea regions are notably different. The former is primarily influenced by the transformation of a transversal trough turning into a more meridional pattern, whereas the latter is associated with a dipole-like atmospheric circulation anomaly.

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馬茉迪,黃晶,張洋.北極冷空氣爆發(fā)的識別及其對北歐海表面熱通量的影響.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(6):1047-1060 MA Modi, HUANG Jing, ZHANG Yang. Detection of Arctic cold air outbreaks and their impacts on the surface heat exchange over Nordic Seas. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(6):1047-1060

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收稿日期:2024-04-12
最后修改日期:2024-05-11
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-01-08
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