弱La Niña事件下2022年春季沙塵天氣特征及成因分析

doi:10.12306/2023jms.0028

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弱La Niña事件下2022年春季沙塵天氣特征及成因分析
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                        10.12306/2023jms.0028
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P425.55
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(31700421);國(guó)家氣象中心氣象現(xiàn)代化專項(xiàng)(QXXDH202113)

Characteristics and causes of sand-dust weather in 2022 spring under weak La Niña event

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本文基于地面沙塵和氣象觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合遙感植被指數(shù)和NCEP/NCAR再分析資料,從下墊面條件和大氣環(huán)流背景兩方面分析了弱La Niña事件下2022年春季北方地區(qū)沙塵天氣特征及其氣候成因。結(jié)果表明:2022年春季我國(guó)北方地區(qū)共出現(xiàn)8次沙塵天氣過(guò)程,沙塵天氣發(fā)生整體偏弱、時(shí)間偏晚。2022年春季北方主要沙源地溫高雨少,大部植被返青偏早但長(zhǎng)勢(shì)明顯偏差、地表裸露度高,沙塵天氣發(fā)生的物質(zhì)條件豐富。但是烏拉爾山至貝加爾湖之間以及中國(guó)大陸地區(qū)上空500 hPa位勢(shì)高度場(chǎng)春季轉(zhuǎn)為正距平,高緯度冷空氣南下偏弱,缺乏形成大范圍沙塵天氣所需的動(dòng)力條件;加之主要沙源地附近4月偏西風(fēng)強(qiáng)度減弱、5月盛行異常偏東風(fēng),不利于地表起沙及沙塵粒子向偏東方向輸送,以上綜合作用導(dǎo)致沙塵天氣發(fā)生日數(shù)較常年同期明顯偏少。2022年春季500 hPa位勢(shì)高度場(chǎng)對(duì)La Niña事件的非典型響應(yīng)、表現(xiàn)為正異常是沙塵天氣發(fā)生偏少最直接且重要的關(guān)鍵因子。

Abstract:

Based on surface sand-dust and meteorological observation data, combined with remote sensing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the characteristics of sand-dust weather and its climatic causes in northern China during 2022 spring under the weak La Niña event were analyzed from underlying surface conditions and atmospheric circulation background. Results show that there were totally 8 sand-dust weather processes occurred in northern China in 2022 spring, which was generally weak and late. Because of the high air temperature and little rain in northern China in 2022 spring, most vegetation grew significantly poor in spite of its earlier regreen, which led to high surface exposure and thick dry soil layer, providing rich sand conditions for sand-dust weather. However, the 500 hPa height field between Ural Mountain and Baikal Lake and over the Chinese Mainland was positive anomalyin 2022 spring, which weakened the cold air from high latitude and resulted in lack of dynamic conditions to form a wide range of dust weather. In addition, the strength of the westerly wind near the main sand source decreased in April, and an abnormal easterly wind prevailed in May, also prevented the sand-dust particles transporting in the easterly direction. Consequently, the sand-dust weather occurrences in the northern region was significantly less than the multi-year averaged value. The positive anomaly of the 500 hPa height field was the most direct and important key factor for the less occurrence of sand-dust weathers in 2022 spring.

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徐玲玲,錢拴,於俐,延昊,陳紫璇.弱La Niña事件下2022年春季沙塵天氣特征及成因分析.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(6):1134-1139 XU Lingling, QIAN Shuan, YU Li, YAN Hao, CHEN Zixuan. Characteristics and causes of sand-dust weather in 2022 spring under weak La Niña event. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(6):1134-1139

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收稿日期:2023-02-09
最后修改日期:2023-04-11
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-01-08
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