2024年秋季中國主要天氣氣候事件特征

doi:10.12306/2024jms.0047

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2024年秋季中國主要天氣氣候事件特征
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                        10.12306/2024jms.0047
                    
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中圖分類號:P412.25;P456.7
基金項目:國家重點研發(fā)計劃資助項目(2024YFF0809202);中國氣象局創(chuàng)新發(fā)展專項(CXFZ2024Q007)

Characteristics of the major weather and climate events in China during the autumn of 2024

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2024年秋季,中國平均氣溫創(chuàng)1961年以來歷史同期最高,平均降水量較常年同期偏多11.3%。主要天氣氣候事件包括:西北太平洋和南海地區(qū)生成臺風(fēng)數(shù)偏多,其中9月臺風(fēng)生成數(shù)創(chuàng)1979年以來歷史同期最多記錄,登陸臺風(fēng)偏多且登陸強度強,臺風(fēng)"摩羯"為秋季登陸中國最強臺風(fēng),臺風(fēng)"貝碧嘉"為登陸上海最強臺風(fēng);發(fā)生區(qū)域性暴雨過程偏多,以南方型暴雨過程為主,且大部分與熱帶氣旋活動有關(guān);9月高溫天氣頻發(fā)、范圍廣、階段性強,平均高溫日數(shù)創(chuàng)1961年以來同期最多;干旱主要集中在川渝和長江中游地區(qū),其中川渝地區(qū)干旱受9月底華西暴雨過程影響而緩解,而長江中游地區(qū)的旱情呈"發(fā)展—緩和—再發(fā)展"的階段性演變特征;冷空氣過程頻次與常年同期持平,其中10月冷空氣活動頻繁,頻次達(dá)歷史同期最大值,該月寒潮過程頻次也突破了歷史同期最大值;初步分析表明,2024年9月中國平均氣溫和高溫日數(shù)創(chuàng)新高可能與偏強、偏大的南亞高壓和西太平洋副熱帶高壓有關(guān),其中南亞高壓的強度和面積為歷史同期最大。9月西北太平洋西部和南海北部地區(qū)的平均臺風(fēng)潛在生成指數(shù)突破歷史同期最大值,表明大尺度環(huán)流為臺風(fēng)的生成提供了有利背景。

Abstract:

In the autumn of 2024, the average surface air temperature in China reached the highest level for the same period since 1961, and the average precipitation was 11.3% higher than that in normal years. The main weather and climate events in autumn were as follows: the number of typhoons generated in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea was higher than usual. Among them, the number of typhoons generated in September hit the record high for the same period since 1979. There were more typhoons making landfall, and their landing intensities were strong. Typhoon "Yagi" was the strongest typhoon to make landfall in China in autumn, and Typhoon "Bebinca" was the strongest typhoon to make landfall in Shanghai. There were more regional rainstorm processes, mainly occurring in the southern China, and most of them were related to tropical cyclone activities. High temperature weather occurred frequently in September, covering a wide range and showing strong phased characteristics. The average number of high temperature days in China reached the highest level for the same period since 1961.The drought in autumn was mainly concentrated in the Sichuan-Chongqing region and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The drought in the Sichuan-Chongqing region was alleviated due to the rainstorm process in western China at the end of September, while the drought situation in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River showed a phased development feature of "development-alleviation-redevelopment". The frequency of cold air processes was the same as that of the same period in normal years. Among them, cold air activities were frequent in October, with the frequency reaching the maximum for the same period in history, and the frequency of cold wave processes exceeded the maximum for the same period in history. The preliminary analysis in this article shows that the record high average temperature and the number of high-temperature days in China in September 2024 might be related to the stronger and larger South Asian high and the Northwest Pacific subtropical high. Among them, the intensity and area of the South Asian High were the largest for the same period in history. In September, the typhoon genesis potential index in the western part of the Northwest Pacific Ocean and the northern part of the South China Sea exceeded the maximum for the same period in history, indicating that the large-scale circulation provided a favorable background field for the generation of typhoons.

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洪海旭,周星妍,王依然,高歌,肖潺.2024年秋季中國主要天氣氣候事件特征.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(6):1195-1204 HONG Haixu, ZHOU Xingyan, WANG Yiran, GAO Ge, XIAO Chan. Characteristics of the major weather and climate events in China during the autumn of 2024. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(6):1195-1204

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收稿日期:2024-03-25
最后修改日期:2024-05-15
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-01-08
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