兩次強冷空氣背景下"雪如意"復雜地形近地面風的演變特征

doi:10.12306/2023jms.0017

首頁 > 過刊瀏覽>2025年第45卷第3期 >331-340. DOI:10.12306/2023jms.0017

兩次強冷空氣背景下"雪如意"復雜地形近地面風的演變特征
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                        10.12306/2023jms.0017
                    
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中圖分類號:P425.4
基金項目:冬奧賽場定點氣象要素客觀預報技術研究及應用(2018YFF0300104);河北省氣象局科研開發(fā)資助項目(21zc02)

Feature analysis of surface wind on the complex terrain of "Snow RUYI" under the background of two strong cold air processes

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摘要:

位于張家口大馬群山東麓的國家跳臺滑雪中心(又稱"雪如意")將承辦國內外一系列跳臺滑雪比賽。利用分布在"雪如意"不同位置的9個氣象站逐10 min數據以及ERA5再分析數據,探究復雜地形下2021年11月兩次典型強冷空氣活動不同階段的風場精細化時空分布特征,加深對復雜地形動力和熱力作用影響山體不同高度風場的認知。結果表明:(1)在偏南氣流背景下,地形對氣流阻擋作用消失,山體各站點風向風速隨環(huán)境風的變化而變化。(2)在偏西氣流背景下,地形對氣流阻擋作用與環(huán)境風風速相關。環(huán)境風小于7 m·s^-1,氣流被山體阻擋,FOP區(qū)風速均小于4 m·s^-1,白天風向多為上坡東風、夜間多為下坡西風;環(huán)境風介于7至10 m·s^-1,氣流可翻越山體在背風處FOP區(qū)形成下泄西風,此時FOP區(qū)內風速超過4 m·s^-1概率最高;環(huán)境風超過10 m·s^-1后,與山體南部的"繞流"和熱力共同作用,氣流在FOP區(qū)內形成"空腔環(huán)流"和"風切變",近地面風向為東風,風速超過4 m·s^-1概率達到20%以上。

Abstract:

The National Ski Jumping Center (also known as "Snow RUYI") located at the eastern foot of the Damaqun in Zhangjiakou will host a series of ski jumping competitions at home and abroad. Based on the 10-minute observation data of nine automatic weather stations around "Snow RUYI" and the ERA5 reanalysis data, the refined spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the wind field over complex terrain under the typical strong cold air on November, 2021 were analyzed to reveal the spatial-temporal variation of the local wind field under the background of strong cold air, to have a deeper understanding of the influence of dynamic and thermal effects of complex terrain on wind field at different mountain heights, and to provide a reference for the prediction and numerical model improvement for winter Olympics and various international ski jumping events. The results show that (1) The south airflow affected the "Snow RUYI" mountain, and the terrain's blocking effect on the airflow disappeared. The wind direction and speed at each station of the mountain varied with the change of the ambient wind. (2) The westerly airflow affected the "Snow RUYI" mountain, and the terrain's blocking effect on airflow was related to the ambient wind speed. The ambient wind was less than 7 m·s^-1, and the air flow was blocked by the "Snow RUYI" mountain. The wind speed in FOP area was less than 4 m·s^-1. The wind direction in the daytime was mostly uphill easterly, and at night it was mostly downhill westerly. The ambient wind was between 7 m·s^-1 and 10 m·s^-1, and the air flow could climb over the "Snow RUYI" mountain to form a downwind westerly wind in the leeward FOP area. At this time, the probability of the wind speed in the FOP area exceeding 4 m·s^-1 was the highest. When the ambient wind exceeds 10 m·s^-1, it interacted with the "bypass" and heat in the south of the mountain, forming "cavity circulation" and "wind shear" in the FOP area. The wind direction near the ground was east, and the probability of wind speed exceeding 4 m·s^-1 was more than 20%.

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李禧亮,李江波,李嘉睿,楊玥,陳子健.兩次強冷空氣背景下"雪如意"復雜地形近地面風的演變特征.氣象科學,2025,45(3):331-340 LI Xiliang, LI Jiangbo, LI Jiarui, YANG Yue, CHEN Zijian. Feature analysis of surface wind on the complex terrain of "Snow RUYI" under the background of two strong cold air processes. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2025,45(3):331-340

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收稿日期:2022-10-12
最后修改日期:2023-02-27
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-08-30
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