2025年春季中國(guó)主要天氣氣候事件特征

doi:10.12306/2025jms.0031

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2025年春季中國(guó)主要天氣氣候事件特征
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                        10.12306/2025jms.0031
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P466
基金項(xiàng)目:中國(guó)氣象局創(chuàng)新發(fā)展專項(xiàng)(CXFZ2025J067);中國(guó)氣象局復(fù)盤總結(jié)專項(xiàng)(FPZJ2025-169);國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年項(xiàng)目(42405150)

Characteristics of the major weather and climate events in China during the spring of 2025

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2025年春季,全國(guó)平均氣溫為歷史同期第四高,降水較常年同期略偏少。主要天氣氣候事件包括:11次區(qū)域暴雨過程影響我國(guó),接近常年同期,主要以南方型為主;華南、長(zhǎng)江中下游及陜西、河南等地氣象干旱階段性、區(qū)域性發(fā)展;5月19—21日華北、華中北部、華東北部、西北地區(qū)東南部、西南地區(qū)東北部等地發(fā)生首次高溫過程;冷空氣過程較常年同期偏多,其中3月25—30日全國(guó)型寒潮為今年最強(qiáng)冷空氣過程,具有降溫幅度大,持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng),南北跨度大,沙塵、雨雪、強(qiáng)對(duì)流等多災(zāi)種交織影響的特點(diǎn),給交通運(yùn)輸、春耕農(nóng)業(yè)等方面帶來了不利影響;強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣頻發(fā)、強(qiáng)發(fā),貴州、江西、云南、福建、江蘇等地災(zāi)害影響較重;沙塵天氣過程較常年同期偏多,3次強(qiáng)沙塵暴影響我國(guó)。初步分析表明,春季中國(guó)平均氣溫異常偏高但冷空氣頻繁;大范圍冷空氣活動(dòng)以及華南、長(zhǎng)江中下游等地氣象干旱可能與偏西、偏強(qiáng)的西太平洋副熱帶高壓及異常減少的水汽輸送有關(guān),異常的水汽輻散為高溫少雨及干旱提供有利的環(huán)流背景場(chǎng)。

Abstract:

In the spring of 2025,the average surface air temperature in Chinareached thefourth highestlevel for the same period since 1961, and the average precipitation wasslightly lessthat in normal years.The main weather and climate events in spring were as follows: There were 11 regional rainstorm processes affecting China, mainly occurring in the southern China,which were closed to the same periodin normal years. Phased and regional development feature ofmeteorological drought in southern China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Shaanxi, Henan and other regions. The first high temperature process occurred in North China, North Central China, North East China, Southeast Northwest China, and Northeast Southwest China from May 19th to 21th. The frequency of cold air processes was more than that of the same period in normal years.Notably,the nationwide cold surge from March 25th to 30th was the strongest cold air process this year. It had the characteristics of large cooling amplitude, prolonged duration, extensive north-south range, and the interweaving of various hazardous weather such as sandstorms, rain, snow, and strong convection, which brought negative effects to transportation, spring farming and agriculture. The strong convection process was frequent and intense, with significant impacts in regions such as Guizhou, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, and Jiangsu province. The frequency of dust weather process was more than that of the same period in normal years, with three significant sandstorms affected China.The preliminary analysis in this article shows thatthe average temperature in China is abnormally high in spring 2025, but cold air is frequent.The meteorological drought in southern China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and other areas might be related to the westward and stronger Northwest Pacific subtropical high and abnormally reduced water vapor transport. The anomalous moisture divergence provides a favorable circulation background field for high temperature, low rainfall, and drought.

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王雅琦,洪海旭,梅梅,代潭龍,陳逸驍,王國(guó)復(fù).2025年春季中國(guó)主要天氣氣候事件特征.氣象科學(xué),2025,45(3):461-470 WANG Yaqi, HONG Haixu, MEI Mei, DAI Tanlong, CHEN Yixiao, WANG Guofu. Characteristics of the major weather and climate events in China during the spring of 2025. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2025,45(3):461-470

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收稿日期:2025-06-19
最后修改日期:2025-06-25
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-08-30
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